How Do Kidneys Make Urine

Treating Any Underlying Kidney Condition

There are various conditions that can cause CKD. For some of these there may be specific treatments for that particular condition for example:

• Good blood sugar control for people with diabetes.
• Blood pressure control for people with high blood pressure.
• Antibiotic medication for people with recurring kidney infections.
• Surgery for people with a blockage to urine flow.

What Are The Kidneys And Urinary Tract

The urinary tract is one of the systems that our bodies use to get rid of waste products. The kidneys are the part of the urinary tract that makes urine . Urine has salts, toxins, and water that need to be filtered out of the blood. After the kidneys make urine, it leaves the body using the rest of the urinary tract as a pathway.

Blocked Ureter And Kidney Infection

A kidney stone that blocks the ureter can lead to a kidney infection. This is because waste products are unable to pass the blockage, which may cause a build-up of bacteria.

The symptoms of a kidney infection are similar to symptoms of kidney stones, but may also include:

• a high temperature of 38C or over
• chills and shivering

Kidney stones are usually formed following a build-up of certain chemicals in the body.

This build-up may be any of the following:

• calcium
• ammonia
• uric acid a waste product produced when the body breaks down food to use as energy
• cysteine an amino acid that helps to build protein

Certain medical conditions can lead to an unusually high level of these substances in your urine.

Youre also more likely to develop kidney stones if you dont drink enough fluids.

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How Do My Kidneys Work

Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.

How Can Ayurveda Help

Ayurvedic treatment is highly effective in treating all types of kidney problems. This practice makes use of unrefined herbs such as Punarnava, Gokshur, Varun, Kaasni, Milk Thistle and Shirish. These Ayurvedic medicines have no side-effects and are likely to reverse the kidney functions.

Karma Ayurveda is a well established Ayurveda center situated in New Delhi, India. They have been treating kidney problems since 1937 with their complete herbal and natural technique. They have a happy family of thousands of cured patients from all parts of the world. How Does Kidney Failure Affect Overall Homeostasis.

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What If You Have Excessive Urine Output

If you’re urinating more than the normal urine output per hour, it could be due to several different reasons. Remember, you’re urinating excessively if your urine volume is more than 2.5 liters a day. This may happen due to the following reasons:

• Lifestyle and habit. You may be drinking too much liquid a day. This may also happen if you’re into drinking beverages that contain alcohol or caffeine.
• Underlying medical conditions. Some of the most common medical problems that can cause excessive urine output are diabetes insipidus, diabetes, mellitus, sickle cell anemia and kidney failure.
• Medications. Taking diuretic drugs will increase the excretion of urine. You may be experiencing this situation due to a new medication you have just started taking recently. Increasing certain medication dosage will also make you exceed the normal urine output per hour.
• Medical tests. You may be urinating more because you’ve just completed a CT scan. The same thing will happen if you undergo a test that requires a dye to be injected into your body. The issue usually resolves quickly without any medical intervention.

When to See a Doctor

Acute Kidney Failure Symptoms

The fluid and toxin buildup in the body cause the signs that your kidneys are not working effectively. The most obvious sign is a decrease urine output, although this isnt always the case. Some people do continue to produce urine, but lab tests will show that the urine is not normal.

Someone with acute kidney injury usually also looks swollen, as the fluid accumulates in the bodys tissues. This swelling is called edema and can come on very quickly.

Other symptoms of acute kidney failure can include:

• Shortness of breath
• Seizures
• Coma

Urine and blood tests tell doctors how well your kidneys are functioning, so many samples are taken during diagnosis and treatment. For example, the doctors test for creatinine, which is created when muscle begins to break down. A BUN test tells you if a substance called urea is building up in the blood. This is an indicator that the kidneys are not filtering waste properly.

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Should I Be Worried If I Have These Conditions And Frequent Urination

If you ever have a symptom that is outside of whats normal for your body, reach out to your healthcare provider. In some cases, pregnancy, for example, frequent urination is completely normal and nothing to worry about. However, in some conditions, your caregiver may want to know if you are urinating much more than you typically do. Theres a very wide range of conditionswith varying levels of seriousnessthat could cause frequent urination. It is always safe to discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider.

What Would Happen To Your Blood Pressure If Your Kidneys Could Not Regulate The Production Of Renin

reninblood pressure cannotininrenin productionnotblood pressureinreninhypertensionSigns and symptoms of acute kidney failure may include:

• Fluid retention, causing swelling in your legs, ankles or feet.
• Shortness of breath.

Health conditions that can cause high blood pressure include:

• kidney disease.
• diabetes.
• long-term kidney infections.
• obstructive sleep apnoea ââ¬â where the walls of the throat relax and narrow during sleep, interrupting normal breathing.
• glomerulonephritis ââ¬â damage to the tiny filters inside the kidneys.

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Who Can Help Me With A Urinary Problem

Your primary doctor can help you with some urinary problems. Your pediatrician may be able to treat some of your childs urinary problems. But some problems may require the attention of a urologist, a doctor who specializes in treating problems of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system and may be able to help with some urinary problems. A urogynecologist is a gynecologist who specializes in the female urinary system. A nephrologist specializes in treating diseases of the kidney.

The Kidneys Are Retroperitoneal Organs In The Abdomen

The kidneys are located behind the peritoneum, and so are called retroperitoneal organs. They sit in the back of the abdomen between the levels of the T12 and L03 vertebrae. The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney to accommodate the liver. Both kidneys are bean-shaped and about the size of an adult fist.

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How Does Bladder Cancer Affect The Urinary System

Urinary problems are more common among older adults, when incontinence and urinary-tract infections become more prevalent and bladder cancer risk rises. About 9 out of 10 bladder cancer patients are above the age of 55, according to the American Cancer Society. The symptoms of bladder cancer can mirror those of other conditions, so its important to understand how bladder cancer affects the urinary system.

Bladder cancer is the fourth-most common cancer in men, who account for around 75 percent of cases. We dont yet know the reason for the male predominance of cases, says Guru Sonpavde, MD, bladder cancer director at the Lank Center for Genitourinary Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. The increased prevalence in men does not appear to be related to smoking, chemical exposure and other risk environmental factors.

Bladder cancer first develops inthe inner cellular lining of the bladder. Around 80 percent of cases are non-muscleinvasive, meaning the cancer is only in the lining of the bladder, according toSonpavde.

Bladder cancer tends to be caught at this early stage, when blood in the urine is a common symptom. Tumors tend to be very vascular theres a lot of blood flowing through them, Sonpavde explains. Because of that, some tumors bleed and blood may enter the urine. Many times, this is mistaken for a urinary tract infection, especially in women. So its something to watch out for.

Where Are The Kidneys And How Do They Function

There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. When blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered and the remaining fluid then passes along the tubule. In the tubule, chemicals and water are either added to or removed from this filtered fluid according to the body’s needs, the final product being the urine we excrete.

The kidneys perform their life-sustaining job of filtering and returning to the bloodstream about 200 quarts of fluid every 24 hours. About two quarts are removed from the body in the form of urine, and about 198 quarts are recovered. The urine we excrete has been stored in the bladder for anywhere from 1 to 8 hours.

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When Should I Call My Doctor If I Think I Might Have A Problem With My Urinary Tract

If youre having trouble or pain when urinating, you should visit your doctor. It may be a sign of an infection or another condition. Call your doctor if you have:

• Blood in your urine.
• Burning sensation, pain or difficulty urinating.
• Pain in your pelvic area, lower back, genital area, or flank .
• Trouble holding your urine or problems with leaking urine.
• A feeling that something is bulging out of your vagina.

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Your urinary system plays a critical role in keeping you alive. It filters your blood and removes waste and excess water through urine. Your urinary system includes your kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Conditions like urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted diseases, kidney diseases, and urinary tract obstruction can affect the health of your urinary system. If you have one of these conditions, talk to your healthcare provider about steps you can take to ensure your health.

Last reviewed by a Cleveland Clinic medical professional on 12/05/2019.

References

Kidney Disease And Cardiovascular Risks

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in people with chronic kidney disease. Compared to the general population, people with chronic kidney disease are two to three times more likely to have cardiovascular problems such as:

• heart failure.

This increased risk is partly caused by factors common to both chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease, such as high blood pressure. However, researchers are discovering that chronic kidney disease is, in itself, an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, and a history of cardiovascular disease is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease.

The kidneys regulate water and salts, remove certain wastes and make various hormones. Kidney disease increases the risk of cardiovascular disease in many ways, including:

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What Else Do Kidneys Do

Kidneys are always busy. Besides filtering the blood and balancing fluids every second during the day, the kidneys constantly react to hormones that the brain sends them. Kidneys even make some of their own hormones. For example, the kidneys produce a hormone that tells the body to make red blood cells.

Now you know what the kidneys do and how important they are. Maybe next Valentine’s Day, instead of the same old heart, you can give your parents a special card featuring the kidneys!

How Can I Help Kidney Disease Solution

Does Chronic Kidney Disease Cause Urine To Smell Bad

This Kidney Disease Solution is an complete step-by-step guide designed to boost renal health as well as reverse the effects of kidney disease. It provides you with everything you should know about kidneys and the way to treat kidney disease.

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Why Are The Kidneys So Important

Most people know that a major function of the kidneys is to remove waste products and excess fluid from the body. These waste products and excess fluid are removed through the urine. The production of urine involves highly complex steps of excretion and re-absorption. This process is necessary to maintain a stable balance of body chemicals.

The critical regulation of the body’s salt, potassium and acid content is performed by the kidneys. The kidneys also produce hormones that affect the function of other organs. For example, a hormone produced by the kidneys stimulates red blood cell production. Other hormones produced by the kidneys help regulate blood pressure and control calcium metabolism.

The kidneys are powerful chemical factories that perform the following functions:

• remove waste products from the body
• remove drugs from the body
• balance the body’s fluids
• release hormones that regulate blood pressure
• produce an active form of vitamin D that promotes strong, healthy bones
• control the production of red blood cells

Below you will find more information about the kidneys and the vital role they play in keeping your body functioning.

What The Doctor Does

Doctors first ask questions about the persons symptoms and medical history and then do a physical examination. What they find during the history and physical examination often suggests a cause of the blood in the urine and the tests that may need to be done can make urine appear pink, red, or brown, depending on the amount of blood, how long it has been in the urine, and how acidic the urine is. An amount of blood read more ).

Doctors ask how long blood has been present and whether there have been any previous bleeding episodes. They ask about fever, weight loss, or symptoms of urinary blockage, such as difficulty starting urination or inability to completely empty the bladder. Pain or discomfort is an important finding. Burning during urination or dull pain in the lower abdomen just above the pubic bone suggests a bladder infection. In men, mild to moderate pain in the lower back or pelvis is often the result of a prostate infection Prostatitis Prostatitis is pain and swelling, inflammation, or both of the prostate gland. The cause is sometimes a bacterial infection. Pain can occur in the area between the scrotum and anus or in the read more . Extremely severe pain is usually due to a stone or a blood clot blocking the flow of urine.

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Functional Structure Of The Kidneys

nephrons

1. The tubule begins with a hollow enlargement called Bowman’s capsule, which is where water and solutes initially enter the tubule from the bloodstream. This process is known as filtration. The structure comprised of Bowman’s capsule and associated capillaries is called the renal corpuscle.

2. From Bowman’s capsule the tubular fluid flows towards the proximal tubule, which remains in the outer layer of the kidney. The proximal tubule is the major site of reabsorption of water and solutes in equal proportions from the filtered tubular fluid.

3. Then the tubule dips into the hairpin loop of Henle, which descends toward the center of the kidney and then rises back to the cortex. The loop of Henle is also a major site of reabsorption, but unlike the proximal tubule, proportionately more solute than water is reabsorbed, so the tubular fluid is dilute relative to plasma by the end of this segment.

4. The next segment is the distal tubule, which like the proximal tubule remains in the cortex. Both reabsorption and secretion take place in this segment, which is where sodium and potassium concentrations and the pH of the tubular fluid are adjusted to ensure homeostasis.

1. An afferent arteriole takes blood to the renal corpuscle, where the blood passes through the first capillary bed, a ball-shape tuft known as the glomerulus.

2. An efferent arteriole takes blood away from the glomerulus.

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Why You Get Stones

Part of preventing stones is finding out why you get them. Your health care provider will perform tests to find out what is causing this. After finding out why you get stones, your health care provider will give you tips to help stop them from coming back.

Some of the tests he or she may do are listed below.

Medical and Dietary History

Your health care provider will ask questions about your personal and family medical history. He or she may ask if:

• Have you had more than one stone before?
• Has anyone in your family had stones?
• Do you have a medical condition that may increase your chance of having stones, like frequent diarrhea, gout or diabetes?

Knowing your eating habits is also helpful. You may be eating foods that are known to raise the risk of stones. You may also be eating too few foods that protect against stones or not drinking enough fluids.

Understanding your medical, family and dietary history helps your health care provider find out how likely you are to form more stones.

Blood and Urine Tests

Imaging Tests

When a health care provider sees you for the first time and you have had stones before, he or she may want to see recent X-rays or order a new X-ray. They will do this to see if there are any stones in your urinary tract. Imaging tests may be repeated over time to check for stone growth. You may also need this test if you are having pain, hematuria or recurrent infections.

Stone Analysis

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