What Do The Results Mean
If your results show higher than normal calcium levels in your urine, it may indicate:
- Risk for or the presence of a kidney stone
- Hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which your parathyroid gland produces too much parathyroid hormone
- Sarcoidosis, a disease that causes inflammation in the lungs, lymph nodes, or other organs
- Too much calcium in your diet from vitamin D supplements or milk
If your results show lower than normal calcium levels in your urine, it may indicate:
- Hypoparathyroidism, a condition in which your parathyroid gland produces too little parathyroid hormone
- Vitamin D deficiency
- A kidney disorder
If your calcium levels are not normal, it doesn’t necessarily mean you have a medical condition needing treatment. Other factors, such as diet, supplements, and certain medicines, including antacids, can affect your urine calcium levels. If you have questions about your results, talk to your health care provider.
Learn more about laboratory tests, reference ranges, and understanding results.
How Much Do At
At-home kidney tests range in cost from about $20 to several hundred dollars. More affordable tests typically have limited results and use a fingerstick or urine sample. The renal system is complicated, so the more accurate tests require larger blood samples, and you may have to supplement a urine sample with a trip to a lab. These tests are usually more expensive, but you can still have them done without seeing your doctor and still have your tests interpreted by a clinician and receive comprehensive information about your kidney function.
Kft Test Cost In India
The KFT test cost in India varies depending on the lab and location. As most labs include different numbers of parameters in kidney function test, so this also becomes a factor for variable cost. However, in general, cost range from Rs 400 to Rs 1100. For example, KFT test cost Rs 780 in Lal path lab whereas it cost Rs 730 in SRL Diagnostics. Some labs also have packages wherein cost of LFT and KFT is combined to provide a discount on both the tests.
However, most of the time a doctor prescribe a number of tests related to different organs in the body. Many of these tests may also be part of some health package which can reduce the cost significantly. Thyrocare Aarogyam packages are one such example which can save a lot of healthcare cost.
Don’t Miss: Metastases Kidney Cancer
Performance Of Creatinine Measurement Procedures
Proficiency testing surveys that included commutablefresh frozen serum samples have reported that most currentcreatinine methods have a small and variable positive bias whencompared to the isotope dilution mass spectrometry referencemeasurement procedure.
A 2003 survey conducted by the College of American Pathologists reported that bias varied from 5.3 to 27 µmol/L among 50 instrument/method peer groups for a samplewith a creatinine level of 78 µmol/L , and thatimprecision within a peer group varied from 0.1 to 14.3 % CV .
Similar variability in creatinine measurements was reported in a2002 International Measurement Evaluation Program surveythat included many of the same instrument/method groups . In acomparable CAP survey in 1994, routine methods had 9-26 % biases.
The impact of creatinine measurement bias and imprecision on thecalculation of GFR is more pronounced at low creatinineconcentrations corresponding to GFRs near the 60 mL/min/1.73m2 threshold for identifying CKD, and limits theusefulness of calculated GFR for near-normal kidney function.
As the GFR decreases, the creatinine concentrationincreases, and the relative impact of bias and imprecision on theestimated GFR becomes less significant.
The NKDEP recommends not toreport a numeric value for calculated GFR above 60 mL/min/1.73m2 because the bias and imprecision of many routinemethods is excessive and the variability in calculated GFR wouldcompromise its clinical utility.
Gfr Levels And Ckd Stages
Normal filtration rate should be of 100 but GFR levels are considered normal when they go above 90mls/min/1.73m2. This is valid as long as there arent any other signs of chronic disease, in such case being considered stage 1. A GFR level between 60-90 is to be considered of stage 2 if there are symptoms present.
CKD means that kidneys are not functioning properly and the severity of it can vary from mild to moderate, especially in older people to progressing to kidney failure.
What it is very serious is stat people with any stage of CKD are at risk of heart disease or stroke. Diagnosing chronic kidney disease requires two measurements of creatinine and two estimations of GFR at 90 days apart.
The below table exemplifies the 5 stages of CKD.
| Stage |
Also Check: Can Kidney Stones Increase Blood Sugar
What Lab Value Is The Most Accurate Indicator Of Kidney Function In Aki
4.2/5Kidney Functionbest indicatorkidney functionread here
Know your kidney numbers! Your kidney numbers include 2 tests: ACR and GFR . GFR is a measure of kidney function and is performed through a blood test. Your GFR will determine what stage of kidney disease you have there are 5 stages.
Also, what labs indicate renal failure?
- a blood test that checks how well your kidneys are filtering your blood, called GFR. GFR stands for glomerular filtration rate.
- a urine test to check for albumin. Albumin is a protein that can pass into the urine when the kidneys are damaged.
Additionally, what lab values indicate Aki?
Evaluation should determine the presence and type of AKI and seek a cause. Blood tests generally include complete blood count , BUN, creatinine, and electrolytes . Urine tests include sodium, urea, protein, and creatinine concentration and microscopic analysis of sediment.
Can CBC detect kidney problems?
Hemoglobin may be done to detect anemia. The kidneys make a hormone called erythropoietin that controls red blood cell production and this may be affected by kidney damage. Erythropoietin may also be measured directly, although this is not a routine test.
Stage 5gfr Of 15 Ml/min Or Less
Patients at Stage 5 have chronic CKD. They have a GFR of 15 mL/min or less and have End Stage Renal Disease .The kidneys have lost almost all ability to function effectively at this stage. They will need dialysis or a kidney transplant to live.
Our kidney specialists can work with you to provide individualized evaluation and treatment, taking into consideration your GFR and other factors. To learn more or schedule an appointment at one of our clinics call 412-802-3043 or toll free 1-800-533-UPMC .
You should discuss this result with your kidney specialist.
Don’t Miss: Kidney Failure Tattoos
Biochemical Assessments And Study Covariates
All blood and urine laboratory tests were performed as part of a healthcare encounter. Biochemical assessments were performed routinely by three different laboratories that provide services to the region . Inter- as well as intra-laboratory variation is considered minimal, with the three laboratories being frequently audited for quality and harmonization by the national Government-funded organisation EQUALIS . We considered only laboratory tests performed in the outpatient setting as they reflect stable medical conditions. Serum creatinine measurements were standardized to isotope dilution mass spectrometry. The eGFR was estimated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula, taking into account age, sex and serum creatinine. Data on ethnicity were not available by law, but we expected the misclassification of eGFR to be minimal, given the vast majority of residents in the Stockholm region is Caucasian. We extracted information of any concomitant testing, if available, of serum calcium, serum intact parathyroid hormone , serum phosphorus, serum hemoglobin , serum albumin and dipstick albuminuria. To maximize the inclusion of data, we considered laboratory tests performed at index date or the closest to index date and up to 90 days before. Serum calcium levels were corrected for serum albumin by the conventional Paynes formula: corrected calcium=measured calcium +0.8×.
How To Calculate Your Gfr
Estimating GFR begins with a simple serum creatinine blood test. If youre using our GFR calculator, your eGFR is calculated using the results of your blood test, along with your age, ethnicity, and gender. When your eGFR is calculated by your doctor, weight and body size may also be factored into your eGFR.
You May Like: Can Running Dislodge Kidney Stones
Clinical Importance Of The Gfr
Trends in the GFR provide us with an overview of how the kidneys are functioning. A decrease or decline in the GFR implies progression of underlying kidney disease or the occurrence of a superimposed insult to the kidneys. This is most commonly due to problems such as dehydration and volume loss. An improvement in the GFR may indicate that the kidneys are recovering some of their function. Whereas we might deduce that a stable GFR implies stable disease, this is not always the case. There is not a directly proportional relationship between the loss of kidney function and loss of kidney mass. The kidney can compensate for loss in renal function by increasing its reabsorption in the remaining nephrons, thus temporarily maintaining a particular GFR value. With a reduction in the GFR, the elimination of waste products such as urea and creatinine is impaired. Failure to adjust doses of drugs that are excreted by the kidneys such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and heparins may lead to toxic levels of these drugs accumulating.
What Is A Kidney Function Or Kft Test
As the name suggests, it is a panel of tests to check the proper functioning of the Kidney. The test includes a number of parameters which are essential to determine the health of Kidneys.
Though in general, a KFT test is done on the blood sample, sometimes urine sample is also tested for certain parameters. However, testing of the urine sample is not common. Urine sample test is suggested if the doctor comprehend the specific problem related the kidneys.
You May Like: Std Kidney Pain
What Is The Blood Test Bmp
Chances are, if youve had your blood taken in the past, the doctor or nurse practitioner may have ordered a BMP to be done on that blood specimen. What is a BMP, exactly? A BMP, or basic metabolic panel, is actually 8 tests that measure your kidney function, fluid balance, and blood sugar. Abnormal results may indicate a problem that needs to be addressed.
The BMP includes the following tests:
Kidney Tests:
- BUN : A waste product filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. An elevated BUN may indicate abnormal kidney function, liver disease, or heart failure. A low number may indicate malnutrition.
- Creatinine: A waste product produced in the muscles, also filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. The creatinine level is another indication of kidney function. A low value may indicate low muscle mass or malnutrition. A high value may indicate a chronic or temporary decrease in kidney function.
Fluid Balance :
These tests can rapidly indicate several common acute conditions requiring immediate medical treatment, such as dehydration, diabetic shock, hypoglycemia, or renal failure, to name a few. The BMP is a smaller version of the CMP , which includes these tests, plus tests for liver function. The CMP will be discussed at a later date.
Questions For Your Doctor About Test Results
When your test results are ready, you can learn more about their significance by discussing them with your doctor. Some questions that you can ask include:
- Were there any abnormal findings on my renal panel test? If so, what were they?
- For any abnormal findings, can you explain what might be the cause?
- Are there any follow-up tests that are warranted based on my renal panel test?
- Should I take this test again? If so, when?
Read Also: Cranberry Juice Good For Liver
Recommendations Of The Nkdep Laboratory Working Group
The complete Laboratory Working Group recommendationswere published in the January issue of ClinicalChemistry and are also available from the NKDEPwebsite , which includesthe MDRD equations and is updated regularly with the most recentinformation on recommendations for estimating GFR from serumcreatinine and on the creatinine standardization program.
Thekey recommendations of the NKDEP Laboratory Working Group aresummarized here.
-
Laboratories should verify whether their routine creatinine method has been calibrated to IDMS and report calculated GFR with all serum creatinine results, using the appropriate MDRD equation.
The original MDRD equation was developed usingcreatinine results measured by a routine method that had asmall positive bias compared to an IDMS reference measurementprocedure. Since many routine methods have a similar bias, thisconventional calibration equation is recommended for creatinineresults from methods that have not been calibrated to betraceable to IDMS.
A new MDRD equation has been developed for use with creatinineresults from methods that have been calibrated to be traceableto IDMS. Both equations are available on the NKDEP website. Itis also recommended to use a creatinine value with two decimalplaces for mg/dL, or to the nearest whole number for µmol/L,units in the MDRD equation to reduce the influence of roundingerrors.
This is essentialinformation that the laboratory needs to make available toclinical providers and to pharmacists.
When Did Aki Become An Acute Kidney Injury
The definition of AKI has evolved significantly since 2004 when the Risk Injury Failure Loss of kidney function End-stage kidney disease classification was first published . The Acute Kidney Injury Network classification further revised these criteria, improving its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity .
Also Check: Is Oatmeal Good For Renal Diet
How Does This Chronic Kidney Disease Calculator Work
This is a health tool that uses the CKD-EPI formula to estimate the glomerular filtration rate in a modern way.
The chronic kidney disease calculator requires you to input the serum creatinine level, either in mg/dL or umol/L, the age and select the gender and race in order to customize the formula and reveal the result.
Read Also: Is Celery Juice Good For Kidneys
Modification Of Diet In Renal Disease Formula
More recently Levey et al introduced a formula derived from data on patients with advanced renal failure in the modification of diet in renal disease study.- This is referred to as the 6-variable MDRD or 6-v MDRD formula. This formula gives an estimate of glomerular filtration rate in millilitres per minute adjusted for body surface area of 1.73 m2 and is based on a patientâs age, sex, race, and levels of serum urea, serum creatinine, and serum albumin. By avoiding inclusion of weight, the formula is less prone to errors from fluid overload and obesity.
In 2000 a simplification of the modification of diet in renal disease formula using only patientâs age, sex, race, and serum creatinine level was derived from the original data. This is referred to as the 4-variable MDRD or 4-v MDRD formula. With the exception of race, the other variables required are normally provided routinely when a sample is submitted to the laboratory. It is therefore much easier for laboratories to report estimated glomerular filtration rate using this formula.
You May Like: Is Red Wine Bad For Kidney Stones
What Does The Test Measure
A renal panel includes multiple measurements. However, not all renal panel tests are exactly the same. The components can depend on the laboratory or the measurements requested by the doctor prescribing the test.
The most common components tested in most renal panels include:
Other measurements that may also included in a renal panel include:
- Anion gap: The anion gap is a comparison of different electrolytes. Specific electrolytes can be positively or negatively charged, and this test assesses the balance between the two types. This measurement helps determine if you have too much or too little acid in your blood.
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate : The eGFR is an evaluation of kidney function. Glomeruli are tiny filters in the kidneys, and the eGFR is a calculation of how much blood they are filtering every minute. There are different ways to calculate eGFR, but most tests use a special formula based on your creatinine level.
- Total protein: There are several kinds of proteins that can be found in the blood, and total protein is a count of all of them. These proteins include albumin and multiple types of globulins, which are made by the immune system.
- BUN-to-creatinine ratio: In some cases, comparing the amounts of the waste products BUN and creatinine can provide information about whether abnormal levels are being caused by problems in the kidneys or another part of the body..
Serum Calcification Propensity In Children On Chronic Hemodialysis
- Aadil KakajiwalaCorrespondenceCorrespondence: Aadil Kakajiwala, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Childrens National Medical Center, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington District of Columbia 20010, USA.
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Lindenhofspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Division of Nephrology, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADepartment of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.J Am Soc Nephrol.
- Aretz A.
- et al.
J Biol Chem.
et al.in vitroex vivoJ Am Soc Nephrol.Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.J Am Soc Nephrol.Sci Rep.
Pediatr Nephrol.
Also Check: Acv And Kidneys
Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate
Calculate estimated GFR from serum creatinine levels to assess kidney function.
Use of any serum creatinine-based estimate requires that kidney function be at a steady state. eGFR should be used with caution in acutely ill or hospitalized patients who may exhibit rapidly changing kidney function.
Adults: Use either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation or the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation.
Patients under the age of 18: Calculate eGFR using the Schwartz equation for patients under age 18.
Caution: It is important to know the method used to measure creatinine in a blood, serum, or plasma sample, as it will affect the formula for estimating GFR in children.
The GFR is the best overall indicator of the level of kidney function. .1 The GFR should be estimated using a prediction equation that takes into account the serum creatinine level and some or all of these variables: age, sex, race, and body size. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation and the Cockcroft-Gault equation provide useful estimates of the GFR in adult patients .46 The NKF guideline1,2 notes that the serum creatinine concentration alone is not optimal for assessing the level of kidney function.
Equations for Predicting GFR in Adults Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration*
Abbreviated MDRD study equation:
|
Cockcroft-Gault equation: |
*For each equation, SCr is in milligrams per deciliter, age is in years, and weight is in kilograms.
|
0.85 |