What Is The Digestive System
Your digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract and your liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs that are connected to each other from your mouth to your anus. The organs that make up your GI tract, in the order that they are connected, include your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.
Your Liver Gallbladder And Pancreas
The liver, gallbladder, and pancreas all play an important role in the digestion of food. The liver produces bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder. Bile is then released into the small intestine as needed, where it dissolves fat so that it can be absorbed into the body.
The pancreas secretes bicarbonate, which neutralizes the hydrochloric acid from the stomach, as well as enzymes that break down proteins, carbohydrates and fats.
What Are Some Common Conditions That Affect The Digestive System
There are temporary conditions and long-term, or chronic, diseases and disorders that affect the digestive system. Its common to have conditions such as constipation, diarrhea or heartburn from time to time. If you are experiencing digestive issues like these frequently, be sure to contact your healthcare professional. It could be a sign of a more serious disorder that needs medical attention and treatment.
Short-term or temporary conditions that affect the digestive system include:
Common digestive system diseases and disorders include:
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The Connection Between The Urinary And Digestive Systems
The reason why the digestive and urinary systems are constantly mentioned together is because of the fact that they work together and complement each other in keeping our body healthy. Our digestive system dissolves food to get valuable nutrients and excretes solid waste, while our urinary system gets rid of the liquid waste.
Both of these systems have separate organs, but they remain intimately connected by virtue of the processes they both do. As food travels through our intestines, nutrients are absorbed. At the same time, wasteful liquids are also absorbed through the walls of both the small and large intestine and they travel through the circulatory system directly to the urinary system, where they are ultimately led to the urethra and removed from the body.
Absorption And Transport Of Nutrients
Digested molecules of food, as well as water and minerals from the diet, are absorbed from the cavity of the upper small intestine. Most absorbed materials cross the mucosa into the blood and are carried off in the bloodstream to other parts of the body for storage or further chemical change. As already noted, this part of the process varies with different types of nutrients.
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The Ureters Urinary Bladder And Urethra
Two ureters transport urine from the kidneys into the urinary bladder. Urinary Bladder size fluctuates depending on the volume of urine stored in it. Once it reaches a certain level ofurine stretch receptors send signals to the brain to cause a conscious desire to urinate. The urethra is a small tube through which urine flows from the bladderto the exterior of the body.
The Liver Secretes Bile To Emulsify Fats In The Small Intestine
The liver is one of the largest organs in the body and it is continuously producing bile. This yellowish-brown fluid aids chemical digestion by emulsifying fats in the duodenum. Bile flows out of the liver into the right and left hepatic ducts, into the common hepatic ducts, and toward the small intestine to help with digestion and the absorption of fats.
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What Are Some Of The Causes Of Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease is defined as having some type of kidney abnormality, or “marker”, such as protein in the urine and having decreased kidney function for three months or longer.
There are many causes of chronic kidney disease. The kidneys may be affected by diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Some kidney conditions are inherited .
Others are congenital that is, individuals may be born with an abnormality that can affect their kidneys. The following are some of the most common types and causes of kidney damage.
Diabetes is a disease in which your body does not make enough insulin or cannot use normal amounts of insulin properly. This results in a high blood sugar level, which can cause problems in many parts of your body. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease.
High blood pressure is another common cause of kidney disease and other complications such as heart attacks and strokes. High blood pressure occurs when the force of blood against your artery walls increases. When high blood pressure is controlled, the risk of complications such as chronic kidney disease is decreased.
Glomerulonephritis is a disease that causes inflammation of the kidney’s tiny filtering units called the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis may happen suddenly, for example, after a strep throat, and the individual may get well again.However, the disease may develop slowly over several years and it may cause progressive loss of kidney function.
S Of The Human Digestive System
The digestive system of the human body comprises a group of organs that work together in converting food into energy and other basic nutrients to power the body. The food we take in is digested and utilized by our body, and the unused parts of the food are defecated.
The digestive system of the human body is the sum of the gastrointestinal tract and accessory organs . These two parts together help in the digestion process.
The alimentary canal is the long tube through which the food that we eat is passed. It begins at the mouth , passes through the pharynx, oesophagus or food pipe, stomach, small intestines, large intestines, rectum and finally ends at the anus. The food particles gradually get digested as they travel through various compartments of the alimentary canal.
Accessory organs are organs which participate in the digestion process but are not actually a part of GIT. They stimulate the digestion by releasing certain enzymes that help in breaking down the food.
Let us have a detailed look at the digestive system of the human body, along with its parts and functions:
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The Gall Bladder Stores Bile
If bile is not immediately needed for digestion, it flows up the cystic duct to the gall bladder. The gall bladder is a green, pear-shaped sac about 10 cm or 4 in. long that stores and concentrates excess bile secreted by the liver. Bile is released by the gall bladder as needed into the small intestine.
Where Are The Kidneys And How Do They Function
There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. When blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered and the remaining fluid then passes along the tubule. In the tubule, chemicals and water are either added to or removed from this filtered fluid according to the body’s needs, the final product being the urine we excrete.
The kidneys perform their life-sustaining job of filtering and returning to the bloodstream about 200 quarts of fluid every 24 hours. About two quarts are removed from the body in the form of urine, and about 198 quarts are recovered. The urine we excrete has been stored in the bladder for anywhere from 1 to 8 hours.
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What System Is The Kidney Part Of
4.8/5uretersfull detail here
Major Organ Systems
| Organs in the System | |
|---|---|
| Endocrine | Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Adrenal glands Pituitary gland Pancreas Stomach Pineal gland Ovaries Testes |
| Urinary | Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra |
Likewise, how does the kidney work with other systems? The excretory system is a close partner with both the circulatory and endocrine system. The circulatory system connection is obvious. Blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two kidneys. Urea, uric acid, and water are removed from the blood and most of the water is put back into the system.
Also to know is, is the kidney part of the digestive system?
Wikijunior:Human Body/Digestive System/Kidneys. Kidneys are pairs of organs located in the back of the abdominal cavity. Each kidney is important to keep your body balanced and well suited.
What organs are part of two systems?
Answer and Explanation:
Chronic Kidney Disease Impairs Digestive Function
An Unusual Nodular Glomerular LesionA 67-year-old white male with chronic kidney disease stage 3a and type 2 diabetes mellitus for over 20 years, as well as hypertension and obesity presented for evaluation of left heel ulcerative wound that had been
Chronic kidney disease has an adverse effect on digestive function, according to a study published online in the Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
Claire J. Grant, from the Lilibeth Caberto Kidney Clinical Research Unit in London, Canada, and colleagues conducted detailed gastrointestinal magnetic resonance imaging in fasted and fed states among 35 subjects without diabetes . The authors assessed upper gastrointestinal function by quantification of gastric emptying and intra-luminal small bowel water.
The researchers observed correlations for CKD with dysmotility and reduced fasting and post-prandial small bowel water , indicating abnormal digestive secretion and absorption. There was a correlation with the degree of endotoxemia and poorer symptom scores. No correlation was found with disease severity, arterial stiffness, or hydration status.
CKD adversely affects digestive function, the authors write. Abnormalities in digestive secretion and absorption may potentially have a broad impact in the prevention and treatment of both CKD and its complications.
The study was funded by Baxter Healthcare.
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The Mouth Cavity Pharynx Esophagus And Stomach
- The Mouth.
- Ingestion starts with the mouth. Teeth cut and grind food into smaller particles. Tongue and teeth MASTICATE food breaking it down into smallerparticles. The tongue is composed of SKELETAL muscle covered by mucous membrane, and helps when swallowing. The TASTE BUDS are located in the mucous membrane, when stimulated by food a nervous signalis sent which causes the salivary and gastric glands to secrete saliva. Saliva helps lubricate and moisten food, but also contains ENZYMES that begin to digest food while it is still in the mouth.
- The pharynx
- is a mucusulomembranus sack like structure which acts as a passageway for chewed food, and as an airway during respiration.
- The oesophagus
- is a long narrow mucusulomembranus tube, about 10 inches long. It is very flexible and stretches from the pharynx to the stomach. It propels food down to the stomach by awavelike movement of the esophagus muscles.
- Sphincters
- are bands of ring like muscle that act as gateways to natural openings or ‘orifices’ at various locations in the body. The muscles close the opening by contracting, and open it byrelaxing. The cardiac sphincter is at the base of the oesophagus near the heart, it relaxes to allow food to enter the stomach.
- The Stomach
- is a muscular, curved pouch like structure. It churns food and mixes it with various lubricating and digestive secretions. Food enters from the esophagus via the cardiacsphincter and is sent to the small intestine via the PYLORIC Sphincter.
Production Of Digestive Juices
The glands that act first are in the mouth the salivary glands. Saliva produced by these glands contains an enzyme that begins to digest the starch from food into smaller molecules.
The next set of digestive glands is in the stomach lining. They produce stomach acid and an enzyme that digests protein. One of the unsolved puzzles of the digestive system is why the acid juice of the stomach does not dissolve the tissue of the stomach itself. In most people, the stomach mucosa is able to resist the juice, although food and other tissues of the body cannot.
After the stomach empties the food and juice mixture into the small intestine, the juices of two other digestive organs mix with the food to continue the process of digestion.
One of these organs is the pancreas. It produces a juice that contains a wide array of enzymes to break down the carbohydrate, fat, and protein in food. Other enzymes that are active in the process come from glands in the wall of the intestine or even a part of that wall.
The liver produces yet another digestive juice bile. The bile is stored between meals in the gallbladder. At mealtime, it is squeezed out of the gallbladder into the bile ducts to reach the intestine and mix with the fat in our food.
The bile acids dissolve the fat into the watery contents of the intestine, much like detergents that dissolve grease from a frying pan. After the fat is dissolved, it is digested by enzymes from the pancreas and the lining of the intestine.
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Disorders Of The Human Digestive System
Vomiting: It is the ejection of stomach contents through the mouth.
Diarrhoea: It is the abnormal watery bowel movement. Prolonged diarrhoea eventually leads to dehydration.
Constipation: A condition in which the faeces are clutched within the rectum due to an irregular bowel movement.
Indigestion: A pain or discomfort in the stomach which is caused when food is not digested properly, resulting in the feeling of fullness. Indigestion is mainly caused due to inadequate enzyme secretion, food poisoning, anxiety, overeating and eating spicy foods.
Key Differences Between Liver And Kidney
Therefore, we can conclude that both the liver and kidney are the two essential parts of our body. Without the liver, our digestive system is incomplete, and without a kidney, our excretory system is incomplete. It is evident that in the absence of any organ or cell, the other parts of our body will not function properly. As our body is designed to perform multiple tasks, all the cells and organs perform distinct functions. Therefore, both the liver and kidney are the core of the digestive and the excretory system, respectively.
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The Tubule Returns Needed Substances To Your Blood And Removes Wastes
A blood vessel runs alongside the tubule. As the filtered fluid moves along the tubule, the blood vessel reabsorbs almost all of the water, along with minerals and nutrients your body needs. The tubule helps remove excess acid from the blood. The remaining fluid and wastes in the tubule become urine.
Saliva Moistens Food And Begins The Chemical Digestion Process
Six salivary glands, located around the oral cavity, secrete saliva. This substance moves out of the glands into the oral cavity through ducts. Saliva is 99% water, but also contains enzymes and proteins that lubricate the oral cavity and begin chemical digestion of food. There are three pairs of salivary glands and two ducts on either side of the oral cavity.
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Why Is Digestion Important
Digestion is important because your body needs nutrients from the food you eat and the liquids you drink in order to stay healthy and function properly. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. Your digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from the food and liquids you consume to use for important things like energy, growth and repairing cells.
What Is The Bowel
The bowel is a tube-like organ. Its part of your digestive tract. It starts at the stomach and goes through to your bottom . You have two bowels the small and large bowel also known as the intestines. Its the large bowel that empties poo into the toilet. Poo can also be called faeces, bowel motions or stools.
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What Clinical Trials Are Open
Clinical trials that are currently open and are recruiting can be viewed at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
This content is provided as a service of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. The NIDDK translates and disseminates research findings to increase knowledge and understanding about health and disease among patients, health professionals, and the public. Content produced by the NIDDK is carefully reviewed by NIDDK scientists and other experts.
How Does My Digestive System Break Food Into Small Parts My Body Can Use
As food moves through your GI tract, your digestive organs break the food into smaller parts using:
- motion, such as chewing, squeezing, and mixing
- digestive juices, such as stomach acid, bile, and enzymes
Mouth. The digestive process starts in your mouth when you chew. Your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens food so it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach. Saliva also has an enzyme that begins to break down starches in your food.
Esophagus. After you swallow, peristalsis pushes the food down your esophagus into your stomach.
Stomach. Glands in your stomach lining make stomach acid and enzymes that break down food. Muscles of your stomach mix the food with these digestive juices.
Pancreas. Your pancreas makes a digestive juice that has enzymes that break down carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The pancreas delivers the digestive juice to the small intestine through small tubes called ducts.
Liver. Your liver makes a digestive juice called bile that helps digest fats and some vitamins. Bile ducts carry bile from your liver to your gallbladder for storage, or to the small intestine for use.
Gallbladder. Your gallbladder stores bile between meals. When you eat, your gallbladder squeezes bile through the bile ducts into your small intestine.
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