How Do Kidneys And Liver Work Together

Hormonecontrol Of Water And Salt

How do your kidneys work? – Emma Bryce

Water reabsorption is controlled by the in . ADH is released from the in the brain. Dropping levels offluid in the blood signal the hypothalamusto cause the pituitary to release ADH into the blood. ADH acts toincrease water absorption in the kidneys. This puts more water backin the blood, increasing the concentration of the urine. When toomuch fluid is present in the blood, sensors in the heart signal thehypothalamus to cause a reduction of the amounts of ADH in the blood.This increases the amount of water absorbed by the kidneys, producinglarge quantities of a more dilute urine.

Aldosterone,a hormone secreted by the kidneys, regulates the transfer of sodiumfrom the nephron to the blood. When sodium levels in the blood fall,aldosterone is released into the blood, causing more sodium to passfrom the nephron to the blood. This causes water to flow into theblood by osmosis. Reninis released into the blood to control aldosterone.

Role Of The Kidneys And Liver In Homeostasis

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What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is what gives the living organism the ability to keep their internal body at a balanced state. For example it will keep the amount of water that is in the animals body at around the same level. If there was to much water in the body the kidneys will then excrete it as urine.

Negative feed back

In a living organism like the dog all of the mechanisms that helps the homeostasis uses negative feedback. This is what maintains the constant value which is needed in the animals body this is known as the set point. Negative feedback occurs when ever a change happens in the internal environment of the living organism. As soon as that particular change happens like the temperature the negative feedback will automatically cause the corrective mechanism to begin. This is what reverses the original change and begins the process of getting the internal environment back to the way that it was before the change occurred. This means that the bigger the change that has happened in the internal system the corrective system is. This is what makes it easier for the corrective mechanism to correct the problem.

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What factors must be kept constant?

Temperature homeostasis

The Functions Of Your Liver

The liver may not be the CEO of your body, but its on the executive team. Its your bodys second-largest organ after your skin and is the only organ that can lose up to 75% of its mass and regrow to its full size.1

Your liver weighs about three pounds and holds about 1 pint of your bodys blood supply at any given moment of the day. The liver performs more than 500 vital functions, including producing cholesterol and proteins for blood plasma and carrying fats through your body, converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage, and regulating amino acids such as glutamine. It works with your immune system to remove bacteria.

The liver is also a very vital part of the digestive process. When you eat food, it travels through the mouth and into your stomach. Your stomach and intestines break down the food you eat and absorb nutrients through your gut lining.

If your gut functions optimally, this process works smoothly nutrients are absorbed into your blood and pass through the liver, and waste goes into the large intestine and forms stool. However, if you have a leaky gut, your liver must work harder to filter out particles from the blood transported from the stomach. Lets talk about that.

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What Is The Difference Between Kidney And Liver

The main difference between liver and kidney is that liver is involved in the synthesis of proteins, glycogen, triglycerides, cholesterol, and bile whereas kidney removes waste products and excess fluid from the body. Liver is also involved in the breakdown of food, cleaning of the blood, and storage of energy.

Do the kidneys and liver filter blood?

When the liver has broken down harmful substances, its by-products are excreted into the bile or blood. Bile by-products enter the intestine and leave the body in the form of feces. Blood by-products are filtered out by the kidneys, and leave the body in the form of urine.

What are kidneys filtering?

Each of your kidneys is made up of about a million filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron includes a filter, called the glomerulus, and a tubule. The nephrons work through a two-step process: the glomerulus filters your blood, and the tubule returns needed substances to your blood and removes wastes.

Do liver and kidneys work together?

The kidneys and the liver work together to remove toxic waste substances from the body. The products of waste breakdown travel from the kidneys to the liver via the circulatory system.

Who Can Help Me With A Urinary Problem

Physiological and Pathological Interactions Between Liver and Kidney ...

Your primary doctor can help you with some urinary problems. Your pediatrician may be able to treat some of your childs urinary problems. But some problems may require the attention of a urologist, a doctor who specializes in treating problems of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. A gynecologist is a doctor who specializes in the female reproductive system and may be able to help with some urinary problems. A urogynecologist is a gynecologist who specializes in the female urinary system. A nephrologist specializes in treating diseases of the kidney.

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Secretion Of Active Compounds

The kidneys release several important compounds, including:

Erythropoietin: This controls erythropoiesis, which is the production of red blood cells. The liver also produces erythropoietin, but the kidneys are its main producers in adults.
Renin: This enzyme helps manage the expansion of arteries and the volumes of blood plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid. Lymph is a fluid that contains white blood cells, which support immune activity, and interstitial fluid is the main component of extracellular fluid.
Calcitriol: This is the hormonally active metabolite of vitamin D. It increases both the amount of calcium that the intestines can absorb and the reabsorption of phosphate in the kidney.

A range of diseases can affect the kidneys. Environmental or medical factors may lead to kidney disease, and they can cause functional and structural problems from birth in some people.

What Else Do Kidneys Do

Kidneys are always busy. Besides filtering the blood and balancing fluids every second during the day, the kidneys constantly react to hormones that the brain sends them. Kidneys even make some of their own hormones. For example, the kidneys produce a hormone that tells the body to make red blood cells.

Now you know what the kidneys do and how important they are. Maybe next Valentines Day, instead of the same old heart, you can give your parents a special card featuring the kidneys!

Everyday Connections: Stem Cells And Repair Of Kidney Damage

THE ORGANS SONG (Brain, Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys)

Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can reproduce themselves via cell division, sometimes after years of inactivity. Under certain conditions, they may differentiate into tissue-specific or organ-specific cells with special functions. In some cases, stem cells may continually divide to produce a mature cell and to replace themselves. Stem cell therapy has an enormous potential to improve the quality of life or save the lives of people suffering from debilitating or life-threatening diseases. There have been several studies in animals, but since stem cell therapy is still in its infancy, there have been limited experiments in humans.

Acute kidney injury can be caused by a number of factors, including transplants and other surgeries. It affects 710 percent of all hospitalized patients, resulting in the deaths of 3540 percent of inpatients. In limited studies using mesenchymal stem cells, there have been fewer instances of kidney damage after surgery, the length of hospital stays has been reduced, and there have been fewer readmissions after release.

How do these stem cells work to protect or repair the kidney? Scientists are unsure at this point, but some evidence has shown that these stem cells release several growth factors in endocrine and paracrine ways. As further studies are conducted to assess the safety and effectiveness of stem cell therapy, we will move closer to a day when kidney injury is rare, and curative treatments are routine.

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What Does The Pancreas Do

The pancreas is an organ that is located right behind our stomach, surrounded by organs like the liver, the small intestine, and the spleen.

Similar to part of the livers duties, the pancreas main function is to aid digestion with enzymes and create hormones to help maintain blood glucose level.

Common pancreatic disorders like pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer are notorious for their complete absence of symptoms until very late stages, which makes early diagnosis and treatment extra difficult.

What Do The Kidneys Do

Your kidneys are two bean-shaped organs and are usually about the size of your fist. They are located a little below your rib cage and to the left and right of your spine. Your kidneys are powerful chemical factories and have the following jobs:

Clean your blood of waste products and extra water
Help control blood pressure

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What Organ System Does The Liver Belong Too

The liver belongs to the digestive or the gastrointestinal system. The digestive system includes the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The liver is part of the associated organs of the digestive system, along with the pancreas, and gallbladder. These associated organs are responsible for the production of digestive enzymes, removal of toxins, and storing substances necessary for digestion.

The Female Urethra Is Shorter Than The Male Urethra

Urine produced in the kidneys passes through the ureters, collects in the bladder, and is then excreted through the urethra. In females, the urethra is narrow and about 4 cm long, significantly shorter than in males. It extends from the bladder neck to the external urethral orifice in the vestibule of the vagina.

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How Are Problems In The Urinary System Detected

Urinalysis is a test that studies the content of urine for abnormal substances such as protein or signs of infection. This test involves urinating into a special container and leaving the sample to be studied. Urodynamic tests evaluate the storage of urine in the bladder and the flow of urine from the bladder through the urethra. Your doctor may want to do a urodynamic test if you are having symptoms that suggest problems with the muscles or nerves of your lower urinary system and pelvisureters, bladder, urethra, and sphincter muscles. Urodynamic tests measure the contraction of the bladder muscle as it fills and empties. The test is done by inserting a small tube called a catheter through your urethra into your bladder to fill it either with water or a gas. Another small tube is inserted into your rectum or vagina to measure the pressure put on your bladder when you strain or cough. Other bladder tests use x-ray dye instead of water so that x-ray pictures can be taken when the bladder fills and empties to detect any abnormalities in the shape and function of the bladder. These tests take about an hour.

How Does The Excretory System Interact With Other Systems

excretory systemurinarysystemsystemsystem

. Similarly, it is asked, how do the excretory and integumentary systems interact?

Excretion and homeostasis The main function of the integumentary and excretory system is to excrete waste. The integumentary system does it by excreting sweat, and the excretory system does it by excreting urine. The excretory system helps keep the body fluids at a constant level.

Subsequently, question is, what systems are in the excretory system? The Excretory system is responsible for the elimination of wastes produced by homeostasis. There are several parts of the body that are involved in this process, such as sweat glands, the liver, the lungs and the kidney system. Every human has two kidneys.

Then, how does the excretory system work with the immune system?

The immune system works to get rid of any bad pathogens that enter your body and the excretory or urinary system removes the liquid waste from your body. The muscular system helps move body fluids like blood and lymph through the body and, therefore, helps the immune system get its cells around the body.

What are the major organs of the excretory system?

Organs of excretion make up the excretory system. They include the kidneys, large intestine, liver, skin, and lungs. The kidneys filter blood and form urine. They are part of the urinary system, which also includes the ureters, bladder, and urethra.

Basic Organs Of The Body

It can be tricky to know the inside of your body. Many people dont know where their thymus, or kidneys or lungs are, or what these organs do.

Heart. Your heart is between the two lungs at the front of your chest. The heart muscles pump blood around your body. You know your heart is working because you can feel your heart beat and you can feel the blood at your pulse.

The heart pumps blood containing new oxygen to every part of your body. At the same time, it pumps the old blood without oxygen back through the lungs. This is so it can pick up new oxygen to repeat this cycle.

Lungs. your lungs are sponge-like organs. Every time you breathe they filter oxygen from the air through tiny vessels into the blood. It is then carried to the heart to be pumped round your body. The lungs filter carbon dioxide from your body when you breathe out.

Liver. your liver is the organ below the lungs. It acts like a filter for the blood. Chemicals and impurities, including from drugs and medications, are filtered by the liver. The liver does many other essential jobs. For example, it makes and processes many body fats. The liver is the only internal organ that can regrow.

Kidneys. the kidneys are also filters. Some drugs are filtered more by the kidneys than by the liver. Waste products filtered by the kidneys leave the body as urine.

Bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft tissue inside bones. Blood cells originally come from bone marrow.

Measuring How Your Kidneys Work

Kidneys – Clinical Anatomy (renal anatomy)

It is difficult to calculate the exact rate at which your kidneys work. The best measure of kidney function is called the glomerular filtration rate . The GFR can be estimated using a mathematical formula. This formula uses the level of creatinine in your blood to estimate how well your kidneys are filtering waste from your blood. It can indicate if there is any kidney damage.

The higher the filtration rate, the better the kidneys are working. A GFR of 100 mL/min/1.73 m2 is in the normal range. This is about equal to 100 per cent kidney function. Based on this measurement system, a GFR of 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 could be called 50 per cent kidney function and a GFR of 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 could be called 30 per cent kidney function.

If your doctor orders a blood test to learn more about your kidney function, an eGFR result is provided automatically, along with your creatinine results.

Your doctor may also test for other signs and conditions that may indicate you have chronic kidney disease. These may include tests for:

protein in your urine

Help make red blood cells.

The Essential Questions:

How do the kidneys help the body maintain homeostasis?
Why is it important for the kidneys to help the body maintain homeostasis?
What happens if the kidneys stop working?

Justification for Selection of Content:

The Hook:

Discuss that March is Kidney Awareness Month! Maybe do unit in March?
Contact The National Kidney Foundation in Cincinnati Marcia Hilditch to schedule a speaker

Lesson 2:

Lesson Background And Concepts For Teachers

The human body has many methods for cleansing itself. Carbon dioxide is released from the body by exhaling, salt is released through sweat, and food waste as feces. The body also cleanses itself by releasing excess minerals, toxins, and unused water through the urinary system in the form of urine.

The kidney is the main organ in the urinary system. Most people have two kidneys, which are located near the lower back, and protected by the lower ribs. They are bean-shaped, and about the size of a fist. The other parts of the urinary system are the ureters, urethra, bladder, adrenal glands, renal veins and renal arteries. The kidneys play a key role in this system, acting as filters for the blood. The basic cleaning unit within the kidney is called the nephron, which is made up of capsules, tubules, and blood vessels. Each kidney has about one million nephrons!

The renal arteries bring the blood into the kidney to be cleaned . The blood is pumped through little bunches of blood vessels, or capillaries, called glomeruli. These little bunches of glomeruli are located inside nodules called Bowmans capsules. There is a small amount of space between the glomeruli and the walls of the capsules. Excess salts, minerals, and toxins pass through the walls of the capillaries in the glomerulus, then through the porous walls of the capsule and into the proximal tubule. All of this occurs inside the cortex, the outer portion of the kidney.